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Rat Trapping

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  • Started 7 months ago

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  1. christabluff
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    Greetings from the deep south :-)
    Wondering if anyone could share their projects experiences with trapping rats?

    Our restoration project has been using diphacinone for a few years to control rats and we're now considering trapping, would love some feedback from other groups on the pro's and cons and which traps you have experience with and what traps you would buy? I have some experience with Victors and they work great but rot quickly in a wet environment, they are still an option though.

    Also about the options for covers, we have alot of community support and one option would be to make corflute covers with a pallet wood base, but would like to hear of other options that are successful, we're looking at 600-700 traps in the short-mid term.

    We have rat bait stations insitu at the moment that are working very well but we're considering introducing traps and using the bait stations as a back up if the rats climb above 5%, any thoughts very appreciated.

    If you would like to share privately please use the trusts email address: bluffenvirotrust@yahoo.co.nz
    Thanks, Chris

    Posted 7 months ago #
  2. Tawaki
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    We have been using Pest Off ( Animal Control Products - Wanganui) which is an anti coagulant in our Indac (Blenheim NZ) orange tube bait stations against rats, mice and possums. Through the secondary kill that you get from this anti coagulant chemical control we have virtually eliminated stoats from our area because these feed on the dead/dying rats.

    The result? Low rat, mice. possum and stoat populations. Healthy native plants and very healthy native bird populations for minimum human effort. We check and if necesssary refill the bait stations every a week

    Rarely do we actually find dead animals because they usually go away to their holes to die. Recently though, with a particularly high rat population, we have been finding some dead rats on tracks. Clearly the population is so high that something more drastic than our 50 bait stations is needed in our South Westland conservation project. DOC are scheduled to carry out a 10,000ha 1080 operation very soon all around us and we welcome this.

    Adnantages of Pest Off over Diphacinone? The secondary kill achieved of stoats and feral cats with Pest Off whereas I understand that Diphacinone does not give a secondary kill. If you are only trapping rats alone there is also a real risk that by removing only rats you will cause an elevated stoat population, particularly if there is a significant mouse population in the area that are prey for the stoats. By removing rats as the mouse predator, it may open a bigger niche for stoats to perform this role.

    Disadvantages? If people walk their dogs in the Bluff Hill Scenic reserve, the dogs could eat a dead rat and die.

    Posted 7 months ago #
  3. christabluff
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    Thanks Tawaki, when first choosing a poison we considered brofidacoum but didn't go for it because of its persistance, we have a tiny population of morepork, maybe no more than three and we considered them and chose diphacinone because it would have less impact. We also are working in a high recreational use area, there are public walking tracks through the forest so yes dogs are considered in our decisions,
    We had also started our project by making mustelid boxes with DOC traps so stoats and weasels were being dealt to that way, we are a peninsular so have a tiny area for the suckers to re-invade and have a cluster of trap boxes there and that's where get them now with the odd stoat making it past, we had one this year on the border of our forest so the stoat part of the project is fine. We do however have a breeding population of weasels and as our rabbit population booms that may be harder to control, so yep we are learning about population dynamics! ;-)
    The removal of rats and possums (we trap, leg hold and shoot possums) has meant high mice numbers, haven't figured the solution to that one yet, here's an interesting article about the dynamics:
    http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/publications/researchpubs/Multiple_Pest_Dynamics_Newsletter_sept07.pdf
    We have mice tracking 70% at times in areas in our forest and this isn't the area we get the weasels, they hang out where the rabbits do, so they have to be nailed next I thinkhttp://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/publications/researchpubs/Multiple_Pest_Dynamics_Newsletter_sept07.pdf
    So our diphacnone use has been successful in terms of keeping the rats tracking below 5% but we have to keep the poison present and the mice love it so we're wasting bait on a critter that we're not affecting the population of and we that has a financial cost. So we're thinking rat traps through our forest would be cheaper, we'd create a buffer with tracks that were more accesssible and could be checked twice weekly, if rats track higher than 5% we still have our bait stations in place and could pulse a poison through.
    But which trap to use? There's a price difference and wondering about maintainance and long term use, I'm sure there are many projects using traps so wondering if we could get some feedback.
    Thanks Tawaki, hope you get to put your feet up for a while with the 1080 ;-)

    Posted 7 months ago #
  4. kukupa
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    We use these Snap E Rat traps and find them really good.
    You can get them here.

    http://www.nopests.co.nz/index.php?option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=69&category_id=10&page=shop.browse&limit=20&limitstart=20

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    Posted 7 months ago #
  5. christabluff
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    Brilliant kukupa, do you have any maintenance/wearing out issues with them? Do you know why your trust chose them? Did the boxes come pre-made or could you share the plans for them? Looks like a sturdy set-up, are the traps screwed to a free fitting piece of wood that you remove to re-set? And where did you source the tags? Questions questions, but so good to hear what works for other trusts so we don't have to learn the hard way :-)

    Posted 7 months ago #
  6. Tawaki
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    "when first choosing a poison we considered brofidacoum but didn't go for it because of its persistance, we have a tiny population of morepork, maybe no more than three and we considered them and chose diphacinone because it would have less impact."

    Scientist Graeme Elliott makes the point that there is no evidence that 1080 negatively affects the morepork populations they are monitoring in South Westland http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09y8uw5tV6o. They are now carefully studying the degree to which 1080 may in fact benefit moreporks. This project is programmed to last another 3 years.

    In the two major natural areas where we (Tawaki's team) have operated over 100 bait stations now for 15 years using Talon/Pest Off (Brodifacoum) we have major populations of morepork and NZ Falcon. They are abundant. So much so that at both locations you step outside at night and will hear 3-4 morepork at any time and see NZ falcon every day. We know the locations of the falcon nests and observe them breeding each year.

    The conservation science is also favourable indicating that birds are far less susceptible (1/10,000th) to brodifacoum than are mammals particularly carnivores. The brilliant aspect to Talon/Pest Off is that it is irresistable to rats, possums and mice. As they discovered initially on Whale Island (Bay of Plenty) and later applied on 11,300ha Campbell Island, you can kill every single rat with it..and you also get all the stoat through secondary kill. The vast Macquarie Island is now the focus of an Australian Government funded $40 million pest eradication programme using brodifacoum. Its "persistence" argued to be a negative is in fact a huge positive because it explains why brodiafacoum is so effective in killing stoats through a secondary kill. The stoats eat the dead or slow rats and mice. Their first bits is usually of the rat and mice stomach contects, the soft palatable part of their prey.

    DOC nationally totally overreacted some 11 years ago when they stopped the use of Talon/Pest Off on most DOC land. In doing so they removed the single greatest quantum leap in effective integrated NZ pest control. (Paul Jansen Sanderson Memorial Address to Forest and Bird 2006). DOC's decision effectively banished pest control by ordinary people back to the dark ages where we line Connovations (and others) pockets by buying vast amounts of iron trap hardware. Remember individuals unless they have huge training and certification can't really use 1080 safely and nor would we probably wish them to do so.

    IN your region Christbluff, It is almost certain that right through South Port at Bluff, in the domestic households, hardware stores and warehouses of Invercargill and across most farms storing any grain in Southland and Otago, Talon/Pest Off will be in widespread and effective use against rodents....so why not on DOC land?

    I also presume that around the Scenic Reserve that you are doing a wonderful job trying to protect, there will be nesting Blue Penguins all along the coast and perhaps even some Hoiho/Yellow Eye Penguins. They would enormously benefit from a ban on domestic dogs in this area by the creation of perhaps WIldlife Refuge Status over the Scenic Reserve.

    Once dogs were banned from the Scenic Reserve you could really get stuck in to pest control using the most economic, effective and practical means, chemical pest control.

    Posted 7 months ago #
  7. christabluff
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    Thanks Tawaki, there's always many variables and factors that go into making these decisions, the best any trust can do is investigate and research as much as they can so they're making informed decisions.
    We had been achieving our goal of rat tracking index below 5% and are looking into trapping to see if we can reduce our poison bill. We're also hoping to involve more volunteers, those who would like to contribute but don't want to handle poison and those with children. We are pretty involved with the local primary school so it would be another level of involvement with them since we don't take them out to lay poison though we do alot of education about it.
    You'd always be welcome to drop by when you're next in this neck of the woods. Feel free to bring some falcons if you have any spare ;-)
    Chris

    Posted 7 months ago #
  8. kukupa
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    Hey christabluff .
    Yeah we have not been going long but they seem really strong. The best thing is that they are really easy to set!!

    I buy the rat trap tunnels from Greg Haines, <haines.pallets@paradise.net.nz>

    The traps are screwed to a strip of wood so its easy to clean.

    The tags are female cow ear tags. we got them from Farmlands.

    You are luckly to have bait in your back pocket, not the luxury we all have!

    check out the website www.baybushaction.org.nz

    Posted 7 months ago #
  9. Tawaki
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    Thanks Chris.

    i understand about the importance of the education dimension. It is always a challenge making a judgement about whether chemical control is less or more acceptable than trapping. Trapping is often portrayed as neat and simple and something everyone can do. However as Kukupa will know well, you will get animals that have not been cleanly caught and killed. They may have been partially caught by perhaps a limb and it is not a quick death...particularly when people who set traps are in many cases only getting around to check them every 2 weeks or month.

    It really comes back to "Horses for Courses". The key issue though is to get everyone recognising that (a) to do nothing is simply not an option if we want to save our dwindling numbers of special native plants and animals (b) that everyone can make a contribution however big or small and (c) That for large scale ecosystem restoration from pests over ten of thousands of hectares DOC has the core role. It needs to get stuck in to this role and in some DOC Conservancies is already doing a great job with effective large scale pest control.

    Posted 7 months ago #
  10. christabluff
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    Hi Kukupa, thanks for the feedback, that's really helpful. From the few reviews I've read on traps they seem to be a good comprimise between cost/ease of use/trap life expectancy.
    We're lucky on many levels, not only do we live in a fantastic town with a beautiful patch of remnant forest, we have great community support, plenty of volunteers and yes we have options on our methods, all coming together to achieve the fantastic results we see on the hill :-)
    I've been to your website many times, it's great and I was one of your first facebook friends too, love your updates, good job all round! Chris

    Posted 7 months ago #
  11. christabluff
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    Hi Tawaki, thanks for your post. We have a network of just under 100 double set mustelid traps, DOC 150's and 200's around the hill and we use warriors (argh!) and possum masters (yay!) so we understand some of the pro's and con's of trapping. We also have a few different possum traps being trialled so we are keeping our options open there too. And yes it's not always pretty, it's not just cats that get killed by curiosity but we've been lucky to not have any natives succumb, I think anyway.
    The addition of rats traps would add another dimension, hopefully reduce our bait bill and more people may be involved and since we still have plenty of options hopefully all working together to achieve our objetives :-)

    So anyone know of any other projects around the country that use trapping and could give us some feedback on the pro's and con's of their method? Thanks, Chris

    Posted 7 months ago #
  12. Tawaki
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    I do think that generally we underestimate the impact of rats on native birds and overestimate the impact of stoats. It is really good that by whatever means we think the most effective we get out and kill rats. If possible we need to use those techniques to also eliminate stoats whose populations build up parallel to, or lagging slightly behind, rats the stoat's main food source.

    I suppose that is why I like chemical control so much because you achieve a "double kill" of the stoats and rats. You therefore don't create a situation where by reducing the numbers of rats, you force the main rat predator, the stoat, to shift to eating birds as their main food to survive.

    I'm also a bit overwhelmed here in the South Westland podocarp-beech forest by the sheer numbers of rats. Those control forests near Okarito that were not subject to the aerial 1080 operations are now showing a 95% residual trap catch (RTC) of rats. That means that for every 100 rat traps set, they are catching 95 rats.

    Further south down here at Abbey Rocks, the RTC is currently running at 78%. We are noticing it with our bait stations. In 2 weeks, our 52 baits stations over 20ha have lost an average of 60% of their 800g of bait, primarily to rats we think. That means 25kg of bait has been eaten in 2 weeks. We are finding dead rats everywhere.

    On Monday, weather permitting, DOC are planning their pre-feed of baits over this 10,000ha block. Then later next week in the forecast fine weather, they are planning to treat the entire 10,000ha block with aerial 1080. It can't happen soon enough with the huge number of rats here and bird breeding in the full swing of the spring.

    Posted 7 months ago #
  13. kukupa
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    Hey Tawaki, after the prefeed takes place, do you only have so much time to drop the good stuff ?

    I'm thinking, if you drop the prefeed, and then the weather is no good, do you have to prefeed again sometimes?

    Posted 7 months ago #
  14. ecogeek
    User Profile

    "DOC nationally totally overreacted some 11 years ago when they stopped the use of Talon/Pest Off on most DOC land. In doing so they removed the single greatest quantum leap in effective integrated NZ pest control. (Paul Jansen Sanderson Memorial Address to Forest and Bird 2006). DOC's decision effectively banished pest control by ordinary people back to the dark ages".

    What was the reason DoC gave for stopping the use of Talon/Pest Off?

    Posted 7 months ago #
  15. christabluff
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    I don't know what the guts of Paul Jansen Sandersons address was but I think DoC has banned it from most areas of their land because of it's long half life, persistance in the livers of critters that eat it- here's a link, start on page 3:

    http://pestdss.landcareresearch.co.nz/Content/BestPractice/17%20Possums%20-%20%20brodifacoum%20pellets%20-%20%20label%20and%20DOC%20policy.pdf

    Posted 7 months ago #
  16. Tawaki
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    The DOC articles and directive say in summary that you should only use brodifacoum in bait stations. That you shouldn't use it where there are likely to be pigs or deer or stock that are eating it if they (or particularly their livers) are then going to be eaten by humans. It also notes that it is perhaps the most effective low toxicity chemical that we have to kill rodents as opposed to high toxicity ones such as 1080 or cyanide/ferratox/ferracol.

    NZ research has also shown that brodifacoum is an incredibly effective way of quickly and almost totally killing stoats through a secondary kill. It kills both female and male stoats whereas traps dominantly kill only male stoats Female stoats are often too cautious to enter traps.

    The persistance of brodifacoum criticised by the DOC protocol is the very advantage that it has in causing this secondary kill. because of this it is head and shoulders better than such treatments as cholicalciferol, ferratox, diphacenone. These all kill the victim pest (possum, rat, mouse) that then drops to the ground and is delicious food for stoats to sustain the stoats through the lean months of winter until the baby birds are born that the stoats then delight in killing.

    Talon/Pest Off, the trade names for brodifacoum, remain perhaps the most widely used rodenticide in New Zealand in domestic kitchens, storerooms, farm grain stores, warehouses, restaurants and in fact almost everywhere except those parts of wild New Zealand under DOC management.

    The former Auckland Regional Council now Auckland City uses Talon/Pest Off very effectively to maintain its "Mainland Island" wildlife sanctuaries all around Auckland. They use it precisely because it is not highly and immediately eco toxic to humans as is 1080 or the cyanide compounds and also because Talon/Pest Off gives a very effective secondary kill of stoats.

    DOC is not surprisingly using both brodifacoum and 1080 now in increasing quantities in their conservation programmes. They discouraged brodifacoum throughout NZ DOC land for all the politically correct reasons they outline in their protocol. They then got everyone to focus on stoat trapping. However they then discovered that once stoat numbers are removed they had plagues of rats to deal with. Rat trapping in many of these areas is totally impractical because you are dealing with thousands of rats with huge breeding rates.

    DOC then reinstituted a lot of the former brodifacoum programmes and have also now massively ramped up their ground based and aerial 1080 work to focus on rat control.

    Posted 7 months ago #
  17. auckland anne
    User Profile

    This is an extremely interesting publication http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/drds325entire.pdf
    about the incidence of seeds of native plants on post-1080 eradication of rats from Hauturu (Little Barrier)
    Post-eradication numbers of 14 species of plants increased more on Hauturu following rat eradication than on control islands
    Early changes in seedling abundance indicate that rats have influenced the vegetation composition of the modified part of the island. No evidence was found for any suppression of the spread of kauri (Agathis australis) into känuka (Kunzea ericoides) forest, but Pacific rats had inhibited the spread of some bird-dispersed species into känuka forest

    Posted 7 months ago #
  18. auckland anne
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    Various Auckland F&B branches have supported various research work and proposals put forward by students of ecology. Here's the latest that's come to us:

    I am a PhD student at Massey Uni, my thesis project is a development of a
    new method to detect and trap Norway rats (and possibly mustelids) using
    lab rats as lures. I have special trap cages with DOC 200 traps on one side and a compartment for lab rat on the other so using live lure rats as opposed to food baits). So far I have great results from various Hauraki Gulf island sites;, I
    now aim to check this methods on post (and ongoing) poisoning campaigns (I
    will do the same at Shakespear during December)

    Posted 7 months ago #

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